MA3 Resolution and Exhibition

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Thoughts On Language and Art

| jonwhitbread

What does Language do? What is it good at/for?

It works with sensory data which it divides and fractures into discrete packages (I wonder if Language actually does this directly rather than our brains doing it and then turning the data into Language).

It categorises, classifies and defines.

Defining is the act of making distinct from something else (Derrida, La Saussure) – the act of separating, fragmenting, then relating – bringing back into relationship but within categories.

It has evolved, like everything does, as a mutation that favours survival.

In this case it serves to protect from Everything, Reality, or the Real by fragmenting it into words. It protects us, or the Psyche from the Real. The Real is overwhelming to the Ego. Therefore Language will/can not describe the Real, or Everything, only its components that can be apprehended by our senses.

So Language is not the correct tool for apprehending Everything, only its ingredients.

We are necessarily outside of Everything because of Language. Language does this in order to save us from annihilation when confronted with, or finding that we are a part of Everything and therefore we are Everything and not Something (Spinoza’s and Deleuze’s Univocal Immanence?).

On the other hand,  if according to Sufism, the Apparent is a bridge to the Real, and Language describes the Apparent, is Language also a bridge to the Real? Or a path to the bridge?

In fact If we take ‘the Apparent is a bridge to the Real’ to mean that while the Real can not be apprehended directly  but requires the Apparent as a mediator, a bridge (over what? the Void? The Abyss? That is, madness, or oblivion for the Ego?) then can we say the Apparent requires a bridge to the Real made of Language? or is Language a thicket of brambles blocking our path to the bridge? Am i in danger here of only addressing Latin/indo-european language? Are there languages, Arabic, Basque, that are able to make the sounds and shapes of the non-apparent/material?).

Language is, like us, on the outside (transcendent), yearning for the inside (immanent). Or rather, we are on the outside and language is of the outside as inside there is no language. And therefore no art.  The outside is, therefore, a great place to be for an artist. The stresses created by these dynamics form the landscape which poetry describes, and on which we place our sculpture.

 

Personal Data (carbon, 90gsm paper)

| jonwhitbread

 

These drawings are interrogations of one of my recent sculptures  (Data Flow, red sandstone, 2018) from which I used frottage to lift a 2d image. I intend to feed the data back into a production circle. Why? to attempt to disrupt my linear relationship with making , causation and time. Im interested in the non-conceptual . What is beneath. The product gives me ideas that are then not directly used in art but in thought. I don’t start with an idea, in fact i don’t start at all. Rather I behave with intention and interact with materials (the material) then examine (as opposed to making Illustration which is the art of externality). My intention in this case was to make a profiled object and then shatter the external elements ie smash the fragile parts leaving an apparently broken but in fact created landscape of remnant surface and exposed core – a sort of post-my-modernist gesture. But in the end the amount of work (time/energy) I expended/invested made this an impossible step to take. I didn’t have the will. This is in itself of interest. As though my modernist heritage is too dominant.

(There is another element to this that I find difficult to address. As I was making it, through a series of unintended consequences, it came to symbolise Grenfell Tower. My uncle was the architect who designed and built Grenfell Tower. As I made this sculpture it became about my relationship with him and the tower as I started to recognise its brutalist influence on me – from an early age I was aware of it. Having it pointed out to me as a child whilst being driven along the Westway (a modernist masterpiece in its own right, that unintentionally created a literal sub-culture of its own in Ladbroke Grove). My Father and Uncle grew up in Ladbroke Grove, where I was born and spent my early years. My Uncle still lives there in the house where he was a child. He could see his building burning from his flat. I had no thought of Grenfell as i started making this piece. It was intended as a structure that I could demolish to leave a fractured outline of form. I cut the stone but when I started to demolish the slats I realised I had not cut it deep enough and what would be left was not a jagged but a recessed outline and I was left with a tower block-like sculpture that I associated with Grenfell and so to actually break off the protrudencies  became impossible. My Uncle was proud of the structure he had built and would speak to me of how as an architect, his aim was to build structures to which communities of humans would give meaning. The terrible ironies kept piling up as post-modern aesthetics required the cladding of brutal modernism, yet the processes of post-modern decision making led to a brutal end of what had indeed become a community).

 

Artist Statement (draft)

| jonwhitbread

What defines us? Are we form or detail? Area or volume? Depth or surface? Our material body is well represented by art and science but what about the non-material self? Not just its influence, but its mechanics too. Imagine CAT scanning cave art, Egyptian and Greek reliefs, literature and contemporary art and finding the same ghostly shapes beneath and within all of the surfaces. Do we reference memes and archetypes or do they reference us? And to what ends, if any?

Nicolas Bourriaud says that ‘Meaning is the precondition for art to exist’. I am interested in how we seem to require Meaning. I would consider myself successful if I portrayed not Meaning, which may or may not even be real, but the activity of our search for Meaning, how it may be defined by language or driven, fed and informed by the Unconscious and by how we place ourselves at the centre of things and thus outside, clambering to get back in. As artists we can only produce objects. That is to say things that are acted upon by a subject. But we can make objects that describe our requirement, our need, to make or somehow experience the non-object, or rather the search for the reconciliation of subject and object, otherwise known as Truth, the search for which creates Meaning.

I use stone, sand, charcoal, lime, iron oxide, iron filings and paper, carving, blasting, rubbing, peering, trying to lose a sense of direction, of beginning and end, cause and effect, to mimic the search for Meaning. .

In my latest work I represent pictorially the reality that requires that everything can, must and will be described in words. So, I observe wordlessly, and act wordlessly and describe the world view that demands words, wordlessly, as an act of humorous defiance, or paradoxical parody. Nothing is ineffable = Everything is effable and yet here is an object containing imagery of figures who seem to be, but are not using words. So here is an object that wordlessly says that the search for Total Description is paradox .

Thoughts and Questions

| jonwhitbread

art is one of the ways in which the universe examines itself. Tries to work itself out. It uses humans, amongst other things, to do this. Not that there is an active principal involved. That’s just language. its more just a principal.

Does Huyghe illustrate or manifest Object Oriented Ontology? Do I illustrate or do I manifest? Or both?

When I work I manufacture the apparatus to allow for the data to come through like constructing an oil rig.

I am in the material like a witness to a demolition.

I definitely strive to be indefinite, for indefiniteness, in a definite material.

Not being steeped in the discourse of/surrounding art, my work is Naive.

Research based art is ironic and metaphorical. Unintentionally. Which is ironic.

Illustration is on/of the surface. Metaphor is of the surface, hinting at beneath the surface. Good art is from beneath the surface.

Kant? Kierkegaard? Deleuze? OOO? its a matter of personal taste, not of Truth.

A by-product of being conscious is being separate. A by-product of being conscious is being seperate.

if there is a Hyperreal Object then surely it is Consciousness. An object to which only Occidentalism has been oblivious.

object/subject. passive/active. Allow yourself to be, for example, tired versus actualise your tiredness.  Allow yourself to make art or actualise your art making? What is the nature of involvement?

Every new advert informs you that what you bought before was shit. definition of avant-garde? Linear. Its about trying to demolish previous structures, for its own sake.

Philosophy is the love of knowledge. Art thrives in not-knowing. In the Uncertain. Am I too certain in what I do? It might come across like that. The shapes are definite. Stone is a definite material. I have a definite skill set. But I am using all of these things to express and probe and narrate and investigate and interrogate and research subjective and objective Uncertainty. Conversational. If one used a less certain material to explore uncertainty, that is, a deliberately uncertain material, one would be making a certain, closed and non-conversational statement and would be in danger of being literalist.

Last night I dreamed I was riding on the back of a brown cow walking with a dog. Not being a cow, or a dog, however, I could not have dreamed ‘them’. I can only have dreamed a ‘my cow’ and ‘my dog’. If I am active/subject in the dream then the cow and the dog are the ‘my cow’ and the ‘my dog’. ie if the dream is a product of my brain then it has created a ‘my cow’ and ‘my dog’ based on my experience. Or rather my unconscious is using the my-dog as a symbol to probe my ego. If however I am passive/object in the dream then I didn’t dream either cow or dog. I experienced/encountered a ‘dream cow’ and a ‘dream dog’, or indeed, The dream-cow and The dream dog. Therefore, now I am awake the cow may still be walking with the dog. I might still be on it’s back. Or maybe someone else is.

Similarly, I’m not interested in visually presenting concepts. That is for illustrators. Or rhetorical and ironic art. I’m more interested in presenting the interest in concepts that are interested in us. Like symbols. Symbols are not man-made. They are manifested. A symbol is the subject and we are their objects. They act upon us. If we attempt to act upon the symbol, that is, claim it as ours,  commodified and exploited, it deteriorates into drama, irony and metaphor. That is, representational. For example, Did Hemingway first read about the Fisher King and then use him as a trope or metaphor in his own semi-autobiographical oeuvre? And if he read about him first (there is no evidence that he did), then where did the author of that story hear about him? And if not then what? How did the Symbol of the Fisher King come to manifest in Hemingway’s work? And if, as I suggest, the Symbol (subject) used ie acted upon Hemingway (object) then is that what makes his work so resonant? Is it the Faustian deal? To have the Symbol speak through you? I may start with a difficult problem, say, make an art object about knowledge, and fail, but at the very least I will have made an object that is about the problem of knowledge. However this object would then be illustrative of the nature of the problem and hence Illustration rather than sculpture. I would prefer to make an object, or rather be involved in the realisation of an object and then see what it might be about. Art that attempts to use symbol tends toward irony and the symbol decays into metaphor, the binary – the idea and the object, where both are somehow secondary, the primal is removed and the work is linear: 2-d, non-conversational. When the Symbols lost interest in Hemingway he BECAME The Fisher King, deteriorated and died an empty shell.

If as the sufis say ‘the apparent is a bridge to the real’, the apparent being the material and the real being the non-material, is the material required by us to avoid being overwhelmed by the real?

There is Exchange Value and Integral or Personal Value. Exchange Value is exterior. Integral Value is inherent. Value can be concentrated or diffuse. Integral Value is wordless. Something that has Exchange Value is spoken or expressed and easily commoditised ie cheapened or made available. If Integral Value is expressed it becomes diffuse ie more readily available and therefore cheapened. An example of something that has Integral Value is Intention. If Intention is expressed it is done so in order to discover its Exchange Value. However an expressed Intention loses its integrity and becomes diffuse and non-inherent, that is, external to itself.  So can a thing that has Integral Value be made available without being cheapened, either for the producer or the consumer? yes, Integral Value does not have to be expressed or spoken to be communicated. It is entirely resistant to any explanation. It has Integrity.

One should avoid accumulating an excess of artistic intentions.

Is Post-modern art art that resembles art. Does this matter? (Baudrillard?) Have we entered The Ironic Age? Which is, of course, The Post-Ironic Age.

Words are exclusive – they both trap and protect us. We cannot cope with immediate Universe-reality as it is a non-dimensional, non-human place. Without words Everything is flat. Imagine a wordless mind interpreting a blackbird flying between two green bushes.

Anything that cannot be commoditised is Untrue. Anything that cannot be put into words lacks Value. Anything that lacks value cannot be commoditised. Therefore the Ineffable is Untrue and is without value. However, thoughts require words. Try and express what you are thinking without words to yourself. You are on the edge of the wordless abyss. Words and grammar explain the world to you. Without language the world is flat, simultaneous and appalling. Like Plato’s Republic excluding Illusionary painting as Untrue. my work is not about the unknowable, the ineffable, but about how and why we require and search for it. Thus I use sand blasting to expose and obscure.

Plato’s Republic is Ego’s Paradise. But it wont suffice. Its borders cant keep out Consciousness. Like Language it seeps through and while Ego mans the barricades, The Witness is already inside.

What is that sense of you? That feeling of you-ness that you have?

Ponge: “the object is always more important, more interesting, more capable (full of rights): it has no duty towards me, it is I who am obliged to it”. I agree and yet he goes on, in The Banks Of The Loire for example, to impose himself upon The Wasp. Indeed, in true colonialist fashion, he places all words under his command and sends them into battle with the object, in order to categorise, subvert and colonise it too, going to Proustian lengths in the process. I am interested in this Object Imperialism and how we harvest value from nature, that is, everything, for our own creative ends, be they poetry, painting or sculpture at the expense of the objects innate identity or truth. Thus we anthropomorphosize the cosmos. I also find it interesting that I struggle with finding the right word for the set that might be called Everything, Cosmos, Universe, Creation. In order to categorise or label an object I become, or have to be, outside of it. Language then requires externality, but we crave internality. The result is alienation and nausea. As artists we can only produce more objects, or rather a recombination of already-objects. That is to say, things that are acted upon by the subject,  ingested, consumed. But we can attempt to make objects that describe our requirement for the non-object, or the search for the reconciliation of subject and object, otherwise known as Truth, the search for which creates Meaning. In my work I make something and then try to see which archetype, if any and if such a thing can be said to exist, might be speaking, which symbol might be manifesting. Like making a subterranean lake to prove or measure the existence of neutrinos.

On religious and mythic art – The Religious takes place within Eternity, thus no time, no space, no mass, just Awe.  The Mythic takes place within a dialectic ie Modernism as Rodin makes a torso of the church of the Academies, Brancusi spears Father Rodin, Moore ingests Brancusi et al, Caro disembowels Father Moore, Gods versus Titans versus Man versus Gods.

Artists expend much creative energy jostling for position, trying to create some elbow room in the overcrowded spaces of art history, contorting themselves to join the dots, like a game of time travelling, self-categorising Twister – ‘Look! Here is something that hasn’t been expressed before in a way that hasn’t been used before and here’s how it fits within The Canon!’ ‘Novelty!’ they cry, and ‘Relevance!’. Sometimes, however, with correct intention, that is, the need/requirement to discover, this works viz Charlotte Prodgers curated set of self-portrait paintings in a landscape using open sided fluid framing and spoken narrative about narrative.

we cannot use symbols. If we think we are using a symbol, that is putting a symbol to our use, it transforms or deteriorates into metaphor. Symbols use us.

Why do we try to go deeper looking for answers when we can just go deeper. If we are looking for meaning it implies we have lost it or that there is none. It means that when we think we have found It, and we all think we have found it in some size, shape or form, we stop and go no further.

For two and a half thousand years Artists have, with growing urgency, been trying to think of a way to get into Platos’s Republic. Only recently has a concerted assault on the border begun, by disguising themselves as, or even becoming, searchers of The Truth. But even as this becomes possible, they are infiltrated or distracted by, the search for The New.

If a poet uses an object, say, a red leaf floating down a river through a city as a metaphor for something or other, eg to help us understand our place in the universe, as a symbol, what am i a metaphor for? the poet is an imperialist, helping herself to all objects for her own ends, placing herself at the centre of things, alienated, striving to get back in.

the geology of self:

sense

response

thought

emotion

instinct:

all occur on the surface of World. Its where we spend all of our time. but what lies beneath? and what lies at the core? A diamond? A spinning ball of magnetic molten iron influencing migration with magnetic waves? ( both are scientific theories for what lies at the heart of the material world) The journey has barely begun. Forget space and the bottom of the deep oceans. The journey within is the great adventure.

As an artist I feel that I am excused from having to break down my motivation into ever smaller pieces of Why as though i should be on the trail of some kind of Truth Particle. That’s the job of philosophers and psychologists. They only require proof. I require necessity and the right to not limit the description of my experience to words.

can art be metaphor? In other words should there be some intention behind the work or does it then fall into other categories like satire or politics and therefore ‘mere’ Illustration? Much of what is called Art is in fact Illustration in that it accompanies words and lives. Even true minimalism illustrates the artists intention not to illustrate.

as art migrates to the internet is it recontextualised and thus rendered Kitsch, as illustrations of peoples lives

digitalising art is like putting it on a life support machine

does the unconscious have intention? Gustave Meyrink wrote ‘…mankind does not father ideas; we are merely sensitive receivers for all the ideas that…the earth generates’. (The Green Face, 1916). Is this Arendt’s World?

is there such thing as reality? Or only Inside and Outside?

am I a Surrealist!?

Does rolling news enable memory loss? Is memory loss an exploitable resource or just a convenient phenomenon?

Im trying to concretise a personal language that helps me communicate with myself about the mechanics of the unconscious and conscious minds. But its like chasing shadows.

Is contemporary art consuming itself? Is this the self-referential nature of (post) post-modernism?

Nicolas Bourriaud says that “meaning is the precondition for art to exist’ but what does Meaning mean? In fact what does ‘precondition for art to exist’ mean? Is Meaning defined by the presence of Code, Clue, Sign and Symbol that lead to Truth or is it just that the work is imbued with the Meaningful Intention of the producer (artist) and consumer (viewer?)

He also talks of the viewer as being The Active Witness or Beholder as though the viewer activates the passive object but surely by internalising an exterior stimulus the viewer is consuming it?

Exhibition: Aletheia

| jonwhitbread

 

Over a year ago I was invited by Emma Somerset Davis to collaborate on an exhibition at the Lovely Gallery where both she and I have previously shown our work. Emma is deep into her Phd at the Royal College of Art, painting, performing and filming her performances. We felt our work was exploring similar themes and tackling similar problems of memory and behaviour, what forms and affects them, and how we feel we are central to their manufacture, are in control of them when really we may not be. A couple of weeks before the show we began trying to find a title. I had been reading Technic and Magic: The Reconstruction of Reality by Federico Campagna in which he says

‘Anything that appears to us as a true element of the world (that is, anything whose truthfulness, aletheia (his italics), consists in the removal of the veil that hid it from us, and its emergence as an object of our experience), does so within a certain frame’.

This resonated with both of us and from this I wrote a brief introduction related to the wider meaning of Aletheia days before the opening(see below).

In Emma’s work, as I understand it, she paints images related to personal memories she would rather forget, combined with her explorations of past poets and artists lives that she is researching,  who are being, or who have been, forgotten, then obscures them in layers of brush strokes, using a palette of colours that the artist used, or artists of that period of the poets life were using.

Unfortunately for her the attempt at obscuring her unwanted memories fails as each stroke of the brush that should act as a draught from the waters of the river Lethe serve only to reframe the memory in a metaphysical dimension where it takes on a hyperreal definition. For the viewer we can only guess as to what is hidden beneath the surface.

For my part the term seemed to resonate as my interests lie in trying to develop a personal language to assist in communicating with all aspects and layers of myself, analyse the nature of the information that flows between the layers, and investigate the portals through which that data flows, if indeed it can be said to do so. However the direct nature of the way in which I work means that meaning is only revealed, not intended. If there is intention it is only in an exploration of the possible, given the material, facilities and technique available to me. Thus by making art I am attempting to undo the effects of having drunk from the waters of Lethe as all humans have done by becoming material and forgetting our non-material nature, or at least probing the possibility that we are both material and non-material beings.

Interestingly, once the title was agreed and the gallery was set up, i spent some time alone with the work and was amazed at how the term Aletheia helped me to see a unifying theme of the mechanics of my work as they all in some way seem to be trying to offer a view of both surface and internal form that was not part of any conscious decision making.

I made low plinths on wheels that would take groups of, rather than single sculptures and made smaller box plinths to act as seating, inviting the viewer to participate by choosing to spend time with each group so that the boundary between viewer as outside consumer and sculpture as object to be consumed, that is, internalised, was breached. The viewer, by choosing to place themselves on a plinth, becomes part of the show and the venn diagram bubbles start to join, float, separate and recombine in myriad ways. One sculpture, a sand blasted piece of very dense fossil Blue Lias limestone, was placed next to a raw block on which people could sit, thus: person sitting on stone looking at/being with representation of person on surface of stone though suggesting being inside the stone. The usual gallery experience of being pinballed from unique art object to unique art object, where one is thinking of the next piece as soon as one arrives at the first, like scrolling through instagram images, is disrupted. A personal relationship and narrative can be established. One has stepped outside of time, or into it. The viewer views viewers viewing …(since writing this I have watched a lecture by Nicolas Bourriaud where he describes the Active Witness whereby you exhibit someone to something, rather than something (object) to someone (subject).

Post Script

Our plan was to take this exhibition to the RCA. However within a week of it closing Charles Saatchi bought all of Emma’s work. Of course I’m thrilled for her but geez – the timing!

Aletheia

IMG-1032.JPG

Lethe, the River of Forgetfulness, ran through Hades emptying the memories of all who drank its waters. Aletheia then, means remembering but can also mean truth or ‘the state of not being hidden’. My sculptures can be seen as representing this opening up of things to see what lies within or beneath, or as openings through which data flows between the Unconscious and Conscious, non-material and material states.

Jon Whitbread

*

All matter feels, yearns, suffers, desires and remembers.  (Karen Barad, 2007).

We perceive ourselves as narratable, as protagonists of a story that we long to hear from others. My story is the outcome of relational practice, something given to me from another, in the form of a life-story, a biography. The desire for my story to be told creates a relational ontology of disclosure, vulnerability and the sharing of unique experience. I make works through painting and performance that dissolve and re-make the relationship between body, painting, support and temporal space, disclosing and re-enacting my intimate relationships and experiences.

Emma Somerset Davis

Aletheia

| jonwhitbread

Can one reveal by eroding? Is there a difference between emergence and submergence?IMG_9913

 

What defines us? Are we form or detail? Area or volume? Depth or surface? all of the above? What does ‘What defines us?’ mean? CAT scans and biology textbooks offer material advice. But how to pictorialise the non-material? Not its imagery, already so well represented, but its mechanics? Like CAT scanning cave art, Egyptian pictograms, Greek bas-reliefs and finding ghostly archetypes informing all. Its about how humans look for meaning, not about meaning itself.

I took photographs of myself, used photocopier to set size, carbon papered onto template rubber, cut out template, cut raw stone to size, prepared surface, applied templates, sand blasted, peeled off templates, traced stone with charcoal and 90 gsm tracing paper, traced around drawing, carbon papered onto template rubber, cut out rubber, applied negative cut out to stone, added elements of previous template manifestations of the process, sand blasted, applied positive to stone, sand blasted. Now in process of tracing sculpture of drawing of sculpture of photo copies of photographs with view to making sculpture on which i will draw directly. This process has been punctuated and driven by risk and at times, disaster. The results have been thrilling, revelatory and perhaps disturbing…IMG_0086.jpg

…as I am left with the troubling thought that I may be a Surrealist. These are forms I would not consciously aim to produce.

 

 

 

 

Hayley Lock

| jonwhitbread

 

On Reading ‘Falling Into The Void’ by Hayley Lock

Hayley writes of ‘the void that surrounds (us)’ but what about the void within? Can The Void perhaps be the space between material reality and the more real but less familiar, non-material reality. Its where I go when I fall backwards into the eternity of a two minute wait for the next tube train. The place beyond Boredom that seems at first glance empty but which is, like the deep ocean, full of nutrition, or, like deep space, teeming with information. The Void is the threshold from which most people recoil in a panic and quickly fill with their mobile phone, book, newspaper, worry, anxiety, crisis etc. We are losing the ability and desire to spend time with ourselves. Even yoga has come to resemble a sport. Like Seyerls bubble – all surface no content, or Arendts ‘on the earth’ vs ‘inhabit the world’, we live materially,  on the surface of ourselves and the Earth, oblivious to our depths and to the universe. Materialism requires that we place ourselves, individually and philosophically, at the centre of cosmology. Yet the journey into ‘space’ is the same as the journey into ourselves. Going further and going within are the same direction. ‘Nothing’ is superficial. Sink down into it and it is Everything.

The whole thing is made trickier by the fact that that ‘Nothing’ is a word and therefore something. It lends itself to wonderful paradoxes. King Lear frets that ‘nothing comes from nothing’ and is lost in its inescapable mad loop. It says much of the relationship between word and thought, material and non-material, Techne and Magic. Scientific Materialism, our current paradigm, confidently insists that Arendt’s World can, must and will be described. Hayley Lock quotes Heidegger’s ‘the nothingness itself nothings’ where he seems to be trying square this circle. It is the insistence that nothing is ineffable, when in fact Nothing IS ineffable lies at the heart of the paradox. Insisting that nothing is ineffable places us at the centre of things and so outside,  seemingly god-like but in fact alienated. Saying that Nothing is ineffable activates The Void and fills both it and us with creative data. Pressure equilibrates. The bubble bursts. Object and Subject reconcile.

‘Black’

Fludds primordial Black referenced by Hayley Lock, might also have been the Alchemical Nigredo, the blackening – sth to do with cooking matter until it is primal. Jung interpreted this as a dissociative stage before Albedo, the Light, or the whitening. Ive just read a short story by Hemingway, ostensibly a simple tale of a solitary fisherman. But to get to the idyllic spot from where to cast his line he has to pass through a town that has been burned to the ground. The surrounding land is blackened. Even the crickets have turned black. (as I write this a house is on fire across the road – the smoke is stinging my eyes). He is the Fisher King traversing The Wasteland, preparing himself in the sunny spots, the Albedo, the Light for the journey into the swamp, the Wyld Wood of deep consciousness. But did Hemingway know he was using ancient memes? His novel Fiesta also seems to use themes of wounds, bulls, infertility, chivalry, Amor, fishing, whilst ostensibly narrating a straightforward semi-autobiographical tale. Or is this a case of (Jungs) Archetypes forever bubbling up and nudging us in a particular direction? Is Hemingway referencing memes and archetypes or are they referencing him?

And does that nudge come from our instinct?  from nature? reminding us that we are non-material as well as material beings, participants of  and not just witnesses to the void that is Everything?